Project Description:
Overview of Electric Vehicle Technology:
1. Project Background and Objectives
Electric vehicles have demonstrated broad application prospects across a variety of scenarios. These range from short-distance operations such as ports, mining areas, and municipal sanitation, to medium- and long-haul applications including urban logistics, public transit, and trunk transportation. Leveraging their advantages of zero emissions, low noise, high energy efficiency, and total cost of ownership benefits, they are becoming a key force in the low-carbon transformation of the transportation sector.
The rapid expansion of the electric heavy-duty vehicle market has been particularly notable. In 2025, the United Nations officially released Global Technical Regulation UN GTR No.25 (In-vehicle Battery Durability for Electrified Heavy-Duty Vehicles). This regulation, which establishes standardized requirements for battery usable energy and minimum performance thresholds for degradation, reflects the critical industry focus on energy density and cycle life—two parameters that directly determine whether electric heavy-duty vehicles can meet the demanding operational requirements of long-haul transportation and extended service life.
However, conventional liquid lithium-ion batteries still face significant technical bottlenecks in meeting these demands. Their limitations in energy density, cycle life, and adaptability to extreme environments are particularly pronounced in electric heavy-duty vehicles, which require higher power output, extended operational endurance, and greater reliability under complex working conditions.
Therefore, the development of next-generation power battery technologies with high energy density and long cycle life, together with the establishment of efficient energy management systems, has become critical to enabling the large-scale deployment of electric heavy-duty vehicles. This project focuses on solid-state battery technology as its core. Through the coordinated advancement of material innovation, battery structural design, system-level energy management, and high-power charging technologies, it aims to build an integrated energy solution for next-generation electric heavy-duty vehicle systems (Figure 1).
2. Technological Innovation
2.1 Key Material Innovation in Solid-State Batteries
The innovative concept of this project originates from the project team's long-term fundamental research and engineering practice in the field of solid-state batteries. In response to the key scientific challenges faced in the industrialization of solid-state batteries—including high interfacial resistance, lithium dendrite growth, and low ionic transport efficiency—the project proposes a technological pathway based on the synergistic design of graphene-based dual-component composite solid electrolytes and 3D micro-structured interface engineering (Figure 2 and Figure 3).
Through the coordinated optimization of material design and interface engineering, the following objectives are achieved:
(1) Improving ionic transport efficiency within the solid electrolyte
(2) Reducing interfacial resistance between electrodes and electrolytes
(3) Suppressing lithium dendrite growth
(4) Enhancing batteries’ capacity, safety and cycle stability
This technology provides an important technical foundation for realizing high-safety and high-energy-density solid-state batteries (Figure 4).
2.2 Innovation in Battery Systems and Energy Management
Building upon the breakthrough in battery material technologies, the project further develops a highly integrated battery system architecture designed for heavy-duty vehicle. An advanced battery management system (BMS) has been developed, capable of supporting both battery operation and energy storage operation modes. The system performs intelligent energy management and safety control according to the vehicle's operating conditions, thereby improving overall system efficiency and safety.
In addition, the project has developed a comprehensive energy management system (EMS) integrated with a cloud monitoring platform and onboard monitoring terminals, forming a complete energy management framework for electric transportation. The system enables real-time operational monitoring, energy dispatch optimization, intelligent operation and maintenance, battery life analysis, and remote upgrade management, thereby enabling intelligent operational management of electric transportation systems.
2.3 High-Power Energy Replenishment and direct current direct/direct current direct charging architecture
In order to improve the operational efficiency of heavy-duty vehicle, the project has developed a high-power energy replenishment technology system. The system supports both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes. The DC charging system enables simultaneous dual-gun charging with a maximum power of 1 MW, significantly improving the charging efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles under high-intensity operating scenarios.
Furthermore, the project adopts an onboard DC/DC direct charging architecture, which allows power to be drawn directly from a DC bus. This design reduces energy losses associated with traditional DC/AC and AC/DC conversion processes, thereby improving overall vehicle energy utilization efficiency.
The system is also equipped with a bidirectional DC/DC control system, which effectively prevents circulating currents between battery clusters and enables energy balancing management among battery clusters, thus improving the stability and service life of the battery system.
2.4 Innovation in the Complete Technological Chain
Compared with traditional battery research and development projects, this project not only focuses on battery material innovation but also establishes a complete technological system covering fundamental scientific research, key material development, battery structural design, battery system development, and electric transportation demonstration applications. This systematic technological pathway demonstrates clear advantages in improving battery safety, energy density, and adaptability to extreme operating environments.
3. Inspiration
This research establishes a tripartite technological framework of "material design—interface engineering—manufacturing processes" in the field of solid-state batteries, systematically resolving the critical trade-offs among interfacial stability, ionic transport efficiency, and safety. This paradigm not only offers a replicable theoretical foundation and process basis for subsequent studies—for instance, serving as a crucial starting point for further optimization in areas such as interface regulation between nickel-rich cathodes and sulfide electrolytes, as well as scalable fabrication of thin-film composite electrolytes—but also provides valuable insights for breakthroughs in other solid-state electrochemical systems, such as solid-state sodium batteries and solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries, through its innovative approaches to in-situ interface curing and dry-electrode process compatibility.
In terms of the domains enlightened, the impact of this technology extends beyond solid-state batteries themselves. In the transportation sector, its high safety and high energy density characteristics offer a viable power solution for applications with stringent safety requirements, such as heavy-duty electric vehicles and electric vessels, facilitating the expansion of electrification from passenger vehicles to the full spectrum of transportation modes. In the energy transition domain, next-generation energy storage systems enabled by this technology can effectively meet the core demands of renewable energy integration for long-duration, intrinsically safe storage, providing critical support for smart grids and distributed energy systems. Furthermore, in the advanced manufacturing sector, the dry-electrode processes and continuous stacking technologies explored in this project serve as practical exemplars for upgrading lithium battery manufacturing toward lower energy consumption and higher efficiency.
4. Clearness
4.1 Is there any open and transparent channel of public communication?
The project promotes information sharing and technical exchanges through multiple channels, including the release of technical reports, participation in industry conferences (such as the 2026 Asian Battery Exhibition shown in Figure 5), and the establishment of technology cooperation platforms. At the same time, through demonstration applications and industrial collaboration, it facilitates the public dissemination of technical expertise and application achievements within the research and industrial sectors, forming a relatively open information disclosure mechanism. Relevant technical information is also published on the website.
4.2 Is there any difference between this policy and other similar policies?
Compared to traditional battery research and development projects, this project not only focuses on innovation in battery materials but also establishes a comprehensive technical system that covers fundamental scientific research, key material development, battery structure design, battery system development, and electric transportation demonstration applications. This full-chain, systematic technological approach demonstrates significant advantages in improving battery safety, energy density, and adaptability to extreme conditions, exhibiting strong system integration and engineering orientation.
5. Practicability
5.1 Has any effective measure for moving ahead been made?
As shown in Figure 6, to promote the transition of solid-state battery technology from laboratory research to industrial application, the project has established a comprehensive implementation pathway, including:
(1) Development of graphene-based dual-component composite solid electrolyte materials
(2) Construction of 3D micro-structured interface architectures
(3) Development of scalable manufacturing processes for composite solid electrolytes
(4) Establishment of pilot production lines for solid-state batteries
Through these measures, the project achieves engineering transformation and large-scale production of key technologies.
5.2 Is there any numerical goal for reference?
The project has established clear performance targets, including:
Single-cell energy density of all-solid-state battery ≥ 350 Wh/kg,
Battery system energy density of approximately 300 Wh/kg,
Cycle life of 3,000–5,000 cycles,
Operating temperature range of –40°C to 100°C,
Maximum charge/discharge rates of 3C/15C,
Total energy storage capacity of the battery system of approximately 750 kWh,
DC charging power of 350 kW to 1 MW.
These numerical targets are clearly defined and quantifiable.
6. Replicability
The technological system developed in this project has strong international promotion potential. The composite solid electrolyte design methodology demonstrates strong universality and can be applied within battery industrial systems in different countries and regions. The technology is compatible with certain existing lithium battery manufacturing equipment, thereby reducing the cost of industrial upgrading. The technology is not only applicable to heavy-duty vehicle but can also be extended to other electric vehicles. The EMS energy management system and cloud monitoring platform can be deployed in electric transportation and energy systems in various countries and regions.
7. Cost-effectiveness
7.1 Will it be cost-effective to implement?
The project balances enhanced battery performance with economic viability: scalable manufacturing reduces production costs, high energy density batteries extend vehicle range and lower operational expenses, long cycle life minimizes battery replacement frequency, and high-power charging systems reduce energy conversion losses. Overall, the project demonstrates strong cost-effectiveness throughout its entire lifecycle.
7.2 Emission Reduction Effects and Evaluation Methods
The emission reduction effects of the project can be measured through the following methods:
(1) Energy consumption per unit mileage measurement: 188 kWh/100 km, 5% higher than traditional electrolyte batteries-based heavy-duty vehicles.
(2) Comparison with conventional fuel vehicles: Reducing 35%~70% CO2, compared with fuel vehicle. The CO2 reduction is 5% higher than traditional electrolyte-based heavy-duty vehicles.
(3) Life Cycle Assessment
Compared to conventional fuel vehicles, pure heavy-duty vehicles can achieve a carbon emission reduction of approximately 31.85% to 65.84%. Their carbon emissions during the operational phase (about 90-130 g CO₂/km) are roughly half that of fuel vehicles, around 90% that of traditional electrolyte-based heavy-duty vehicles.
8. Consistency
8.1 Policy Consistency
The technological development direction of this project is highly consistent with global low-carbon transportation strategies (Paris Agreement, COP26 ZEV Declaration, IRENA 1.5°C Scenario). It contributes to:
(1) promoting the electrification transition of the transportation sector
(2) supporting clean energy and low-carbon transportation development strategies
(3) improving energy utilization efficiency
(4) promoting the construction of intelligent energy management systems
(5) supporting the realization of carbon neutrality goals
8.2 Long-Term Mechanism
The project adopts a collaborative innovation model integrating research institutions (Centre of Advanced Power and Autonomous Systems, Hong Kong Productivity Council), industry (Kunchi (APEX) New Energy), academia (Dezhou University), and transportation equipment manufacturers to jointly promote key technology development and industrial application. This collaboration establishes a stable public–private partnership mechanism.
Meanwhile, through the construction of demonstration production lines and the implementation of electric transportation application demonstrations, the project clarifies the commercialization pathway of the technology. It also attracts investment from industrial capital and financial institutions, while combining government science and technology innovation programs. In this way, a diversified investment and financing model led by government guidance, driven by institute and enterprises, and supported by social capital has been formed.
The project is jointly implemented by enterprises and research institutions, and a long-term research and industrialization promotion mechanism has been established, including:
(1) Industry–academia–research collaborative R&D mechanism
(2) Industrial cooperation in battery systems
(3) Long-term technology research and development plans
(4) Demonstration and promotion of electric transportation applications
(5) Intelligent operation and maintenance and platform-based management systems
9. Completeness
The project outcomes span multiple levels, including battery materials, cells, systems, charging equipment, and cloud platforms. Each outcome is supported by clear quantitative indicators, such as energy density, cycle life, operating temperature range, and charging power, ensuring that the scale of the results is clearly measurable. Substantial progress has been made in key areas, including innovations in battery materials, breakthroughs in interface engineering, system integration, and demonstration applications. At present, heavy-duty vehicles equipped with this technology have entered the trial operation phase. Through on-road testing and application demonstrations, the safety, charging efficiency, and operational stability of the battery system in real-world traffic scenarios have been validated, laying the foundation for subsequent large-scale deployment. The achievements realized to date are as follows:
9.1 Battery Performance Indicators
Energy density of all-solid-state battery cells: ≥350 Wh/kg
Energy density of the battery system: approximately 300 Wh/kg
Cycle life: 3000–5000 cycles
9.2 Environmental Adaptability
Operating temperature range: –40 °C to 100 °C
The maximum charging-discharging rate: 3C/15C
9.3 Battery System Specifications
Battery type: solid-state NCM811||Si/C battery
Nominal battery system voltage: approximately 800 V
Total system energy storage capacity: approximately 750 kWh
9.4 Charging System Capabilities
DC output voltage range: 600–850 V
DC charging power: 350 kW – 1 MW
Support for simultaneous dual-gun charging
9.5 AC System Parameters
AC side voltage range: 380 V ±20%
AC power: approximately 6.6 kW
9.6 System Operation Performance
Protection level: IP54
Cooling method: active air cooling
Communication methods: RS485, CAN bus, and 4G communication
10. Technical Verification and Data Support
The project has obtained comprehensive technical data through systematic experimental testing and performance evaluation, including: Cycle life testing, high-rate charge and discharge testing, nail penetration safety testing, extreme environment operation testing, system-level operational monitoring. Under nail penetration test conditions, the solid-state battery demonstrated no smoke, no fire, and no explosion, verifying its high safety performance (as shown in attached battery test report).
In terms of heavy-duty vehicle application demonstrations, the project collaborates with new energy vehicle enterprises and system integrators to conduct joint verification of the battery system and the vehicle platform. At present, heavy-duty vehicles equipped with this technology have already entered the trial operation stage. Through road operation testing and application demonstrations, the safety, charging efficiency, and operational stability of the battery system are verified under real transportation scenarios, thereby laying the foundation for subsequent large-scale deployment (Figure 7).
11.Impact
11.1 Will it make a significant change in the field of energy efficiency and energy saving?
By improving the energy density, cycle life, and safety of solid-state batteries, the project significantly enhances the overall energy efficiency of the battery system. Its energy consumption per unit distance is 188 kWh/100 km, representing a 5% energy saving compared to traditional liquid electrolyte battery heavy-duty trucks. Carbon emissions during operation are approximately 90% of those of conventional liquid electrolyte battery heavy-duty trucks, demonstrating a substantial impact on energy efficiency improvement, energy conservation, and carbon reduction.
11.2 Will it impact multiple operational areas or just single specific area?
By systematically addressing key issues such as interfacial stability, ionic transport efficiency, and safety in solid-state batteries, the project proposes a technological pathway integrating composite solid electrolyte design, interface structure engineering, and scalable manufacturing. This provides an important reference for the development of next-generation battery technologies.
By improving the safety and energy density of battery systems, this technology is expected to promote the widespread adoption of heavy-duty vehicles, and other electric vehicles, thereby providing important technological support for global transportation electrification and energy transition.
12. Women Empowerment
During the implementation of the project, through mechanisms of industry-university-research collaboration, attention has been paid to the participation of female researchers, engineers, and management personnel in areas such as technology R&D, engineering transformation, and demonstration applications. Through channels such as skills training, on-the-job practice, and technical exchanges, the project provides women with opportunities to engage in cutting-edge technology R&D and industrial applications, contributing to the enhancement of their professional capabilities and career development prospects in the fields of new energy and transportation technology.
13. Equality
The project adheres to the principle of gender equality in team building, job allocation, and resource distribution, ensuring that women and men enjoy equal opportunities in project participation, skills development, and the sharing of outcomes. The transition to electric transportation and clean energy promoted by the project helps improve public transportation and employment environments, positively impacting both women and men.
14. Just
While advancing electric transportation technologies, the project emphasizes achieving synergistic environmental, social, and economic benefits. By enhancing battery safety and environmental adaptability, the project contributes to improving the transportation energy mix, reducing pollutant emissions, and enhancing regional environmental quality. At the same time, through industrial collaboration and demonstration applications, the project promotes the development of related industrial chains, stimulates employment and economic vitality, and strives to achieve equitable benefits within local contexts.
15. Inclusiveness
By establishing an industry-university-research collaborative innovation mechanism, the project strengthens the capacity for coordinated development among multiple stakeholders, including research institutions, enterprises, universities, and equipment manufacturers. Throughout the implementation process, the project places emphasis on skills training and job capacity building, supporting decent employment and workforce development. Through demonstration applications and industrial promotion, the project creates sustainable development opportunities for communities, enterprises, and workers, enhancing the resilience of relevant institutions and communities.
Additional Project Details
Range: 400 km(km)
Charging time: 0.25 hr/100 km hr/100 km
Production status: choose one
☐In production
☐ Out of production
☑ Future production
☐ Concept car (no plans for production)