Overview of Electric Vehicle Technology:
Against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change and accelerate the transformation of the energy system, China is firmly promoting the implementation of the “dual carbon” goals. Under the theme of “Building a Sustainable Tomorrow”, the 2025 APEC Leaders’ Gyeongju Declaration proposed that it is necessary to strengthen cooperation to address global challenges such as energy and environmental issues, and enhance the overall resilience and economic growth momentum of the Asia-Pacific region. As the national capital and a megacity, Beijing accounts for a large share of carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Promoting the development of new energy vehicles and accelerating the green and low-carbon transformation of the transportation sector have become key measures for the city’s sustainable development.
In accordance with the requirements of policies and plans such as the Beijing Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan and the Beijing Energy Development Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, and in light of the technological development trend of new energy vehicles and the public demand for fast and convenient charging services, Beijing launched the planning of the construction of a super charging network system for new energy vehicles in early 2023. It aims to build a super charging service system with a rational layout, convenient and efficient services, smart and safe operation, and advanced technologies through technological innovation, policy coordination and model innovation, so as to help Beijing accelerate the creation of a “Charging-Friendly City”.
1. Construction Background
Super charging piles can greatly increase the charging speed of new energy vehicles, which can charge the batteries of new energy vehicles from 20% to more than 80% within 10 minutes, significantly improving the charging experience. Since 2023, the high-voltage charging technology developed by Chinese enterprises, which equips charging piles with an 800V or higher high-voltage platform, has the advantages of low heat loss, reduced wire harness diameter and improved overall vehicle energy efficiency. Relevant products have gradually achieved mass production and large-scale application, effectively promoting the construction of super charging infrastructure.
In recent years, the ownership of new energy vehicles in Beijing has grown rapidly. By the end of 2023, the ownership of new energy vehicles in the city had reached about 773,000 units. Meanwhile, Beijing has actively promoted the layout and construction of charging infrastructure, but there are only 72 super charging stations, and further adjustment and optimization are still needed in terms of the distribution of charging facilities, charging efficiency and power grid access. In particular, with the continuous increase in the battery capacity of new energy vehicles, car owners’ demand for fast and convenient charging is rising day by day, and there is an urgent need to build an efficient, intelligent and interconnected super charging network.
In 2023, the Beijing Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Center and the Beijing Transport Institute carried out research on the charging services for new energy vehicles. The research results show that there remains a gap between the construction progress of super charging infrastructure and the rapid growth in the number of new energy vehicles. From the perspective of technological development, only 1% of new energy vehicles in Beijing had super charging capability in 2023. However, according to the analysis of the trend of technological progress and the production plans of vehicle manufacturers, it is predicted that by 2026, new energy vehicle models supporting super charging function will become the absolute mainstream of the market, and the demand for super charging piles will grow rapidly. From the perspective of car owners’ charging experience, public charging piles in Beijing are mainly 60–120 kW fast-charging piles, which take 30-60 minutes to complete a charge. Compared with super charging piles, the charging waiting time is longer, and the charging convenience still needs to be optimized. From the perspective of the layout of charging facilities, the number of existing super charging stations in Beijing is small, with pilot projects launched only at specific locations such as parking lots, bus stations and expressway service areas, while they are less distributed in areas with strong demand for fast energy replenishment such as urban expressway lines, gas (fuel) stations and freight logistics yards, leaving room for optimizing the structure of super charging facilities. Overall, Beijing’s acceleration of the layout and construction of super charging stations will help to meet the rapidly growing energy replenishment demand of new energy vehicles in a timely manner, improve the construction of charging infrastructure, and further support the promotion of new energy vehicles.
2. Construction Goals and Proposed Measures
In early 2023, Beijing initiated the planning for the construction of a super charging network system for new energy vehicles, put forward clear construction goals, and adopted a series of effective measures to actively promote the achievement of the goals.
2.1 Clarifying the Construction Goals
In accordance with the principles of integrating ultra-fast charging with other charging modes and appropriate advanced layout, government guidance and market leadership, resource conservation and encouragement of sharing, innovative integration, and safe and efficient operation, Beijing accelerates the construction of super charging stations. By the end of 2025, it aims to build 1,000 super charging stations, construct a super charging network with a rational layout, convenient and efficient services, smart and safe operation, and advanced technologies, build an open, shared industrial ecosystem for super charging with multi-stakeholder participation, and effectively support the promotion and application of new energy vehicles across the city.
2.2 Formulating Promotional Measures
According to the research results, to achieve the construction goal of super charging stations, Beijing plans to adopt a series of policy measures, including: In terms of plan formulation, comprehensively considering the scale and distribution of various types of new energy vehicles in the city and the promotion trend of super charging models, it will formulate a layout plan for super charging facilities in the whole city, unify the construction and acceptance standards of super charging stations, and ensure technological advancement and compatibility. In terms of policy support, Beijing plans to issue relevant policies on fixed asset investment subsidies for the construction of super charging stations and operation subsidies for super charging stations to guide and support the construction and operation of high-quality super charging stations. In terms of factor assurance, it will coordinate the allocation of factor resources such as land and electricity, optimize the approval process, and provide convenient services for project construction. In terms of safety management, it will innovatively build a unified city-level integrated management platform for “vehicles, piles (stations) and power grids” to realize all-weather and whole-chain intelligent supervision and safety early warning for all charging facilities.
3. Main Practices
To ensure the smooth progress of the construction of the super charging network system for new energy vehicles, Beijing has advanced the initiative with strong leadership, strengthened inter-departmental coordination and linkage, issued a series of policy measures, strengthened the assurance of key factors, and exceeded the task target of building 1,000 super charging stations. The main practices are as follows.
3.1 Strengthening Top-Level Design to Improve the Policy System
Beijing has fully implemented the spirit of national documents including the Guiding Opinions on Further Constructing a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System (Document No. Guo Ban Fa [2023] 19), and vigorously advanced the rapid development of charging infrastructure. Municipal government leaders have attached great importance to this work and organized a symposium for entrepreneurs engaged in new energy vehicles and charging piles. Departments such as development and reform, economy and information technology, urban management and transportation have defined their respective responsibilities and promoted the work in a coordinated manner. They have successively issued a series of policies including the Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Construction of New Energy Vehicle Superchargers, the Action Plan for the Development of High-Quality Super Charging Stations for New Energy Vehicles and the Technical Guidelines for High-Quality Super Charging Stations for New Energy Vehicles in Beijing, establishing an integrated promotion system of “planning - construction - operation - standards” for the super charging network.
3.2 Scaling up Support to Mobilize Market Participation
In terms of investment and construction, the Implementation Rules for the Municipal Government’s Fixed Asset Investment to Support Demonstration Projects of Advanced Charging Facilities has been issued, providing a 30% fixed asset investment subsidy from the municipal government to the construction units for advanced charging facility construction projects; In terms of operation and management, the Implementation Rules for the Construction and Operation Incentives of Electric Vehicle Charging and Swapping Facilities in Beijing has been issued, providing per-kilowatt-hour subsidy support to operating units for super charging stations, photovoltaic (energy storage) charging stations, etc. In terms of power supply guarantee, Beijing has coordinated and addressed key and difficult issues arising from the connection of super charging stations. In terms of scenario application, enterprises are encouraged to build super charging stations at expressway service areas, bus depots, sanitation stations and other venues.
3.3 Building an Integrated Service Platform to Achieve Unified Scheduling
Relying on power grid enterprises, Beijing has completed the construction of an integrated service platform for “vehicles, piles (stations) and power grids”. In accordance with the principle of “connecting all that should be connected”, all charging facilities including super charging piles have been connected to the municipal-level platform, real-time safety monitoring and management of power grids and charging pile equipment have been strengthened, the regulation capacity of the power system has been improved, and the safe operation of the city has been effectively guaranteed.
3.4 Innovating Approval Services to Optimize the Business Environment
Optimize the approval mechanism for power capacity expansion. For the newly constructed super charging stations, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management, in conjunction with the Beijing Electric Power Company, has conducted preliminary screening and on-site surveys to confirm the power conditions and power connection schemes. On the basis of the existing power application and installation procedures, it optimized the approval mechanism for power capacity expansion, initiated the design of power connection schemes and the construction of external power sources in advance, and shortened the time for power application and installation. Optimize preliminary procedures and approval processes. Departments such as development and reform commissions in all districts have further simplified the preliminary filing procedures for the construction of super charging facilities to promote the early implementation of relevant projects.
3.5 Encouraging Pilot Exploration to Promote the Application of New Technologies and Models
In the process of constructing the super charging network system, Beijing has encouraged the application of various new technologies and models to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of the transportation sector. It has actively promoted the construction of multi-function integrated super charging stations, and encouraged the installation of photovoltaic power generation systems, energy storage facilities, and other supporting infrastructure at stations where conditions permit. During the daytime, photovoltaic power can be used directly to charge new energy vehicles, while excess electricity generated can be stored in energy storage systems for use in nighttime charging, thereby creating low-carbon super charging stations. It has vigorously promoted the model of “new energy vehicles charged with green electricity”, optimized the market-oriented trading services of green power, and stimulated the potential on both the supply and demand sides. It has encouraged charging facility operators to purchase green power through market-oriented transactions, providing convenient services for new energy vehicles to use green power.
3.6 Conducting Extensive Publicity to Raise Social Awareness
Beijing fully leverages a variety of platforms – including international conferences, exhibitions, television, the internet, and social media – to promote the development of the super charging network system. Through thematic videos, online lectures, field visits, and panel discussions, it disseminates key concepts, interprets policies, and advances technology related to the super charging network. Targeting manufacturers and charging station operators, Beijing provides systematic guidance on planning policies, approval procedures, and supporting measures, encouraging project investment and facilitating project implementation. For the general public, the focus is on publicizing the layout and charging efficiency of super charging stations, with the aim of enhancing the overall charging experience for citizens.
4. Performance and Achievements
In the process of promoting the construction of the super charging network, Beijing has achieved a significant improvement in charging efficiency and user experience. Meanwhile, through the innovation of business models and the integration of smart low-carbon energy, it has achieved multiple effects such as promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, alleviating the pressure on the power grid and increasing investment returns, forming a sound situation of coordinated economic, social and environmental development.
4.1 More than 1,000 Super Charging Facilities Completed
By the end of 2025, Beijing had initially established a complete super charging network system, with 1,044 super charging stations completed in the city, exceeding the target of building 1,000 super charging stations by the end of 2025. Meanwhile, the layout and construction of super charging stations have been further improved in areas with strong demand for super charging and high utilization rates, such as urban expressways and freight logistics bases.
Table 1 Changes in the Ownership of New Energy Vehicles and the Number of Charging Piles in Beijing
4.2 Driving a Significant Increase in the Sales of New Energy Vehicles
With the continuous improvement of super charging infrastructure, the energy replenishment anxiety of new energy vehicle owners has been effectively alleviated, promoting the accelerated growth of the production and sales of new energy vehicles in Beijing. By the end of November 2025, the ownership of new energy vehicles in Beijing had reached about 1.28 million units, an increase of 507,000 units compared with the end of 2023 (773,000 units). The market penetration rate of new energy vehicles rose from 35.1% in 2023 to 56.4%, an increase of 21.3 percentage points over 2023.
4.3 Substantial Improvement in Charging Efficiency and Safety
The mainstream 480 kW super charging piles put into operation charge more than three times faster than conventional fast charging (120 kW), the average charging waiting time for users is reduced by about 70%, and the batteries of new energy vehicles can be charged to over 80% capacity in about 10 minutes, which greatly improves the charging experience of new energy vehicle owners. In terms of smart management, super charging piles can adjust the charging curve in real time according to the battery temperature and state of charge fed back by the vehicle’s BMS system to ensure safe charging. The service life of the core components of charging equipment has been increased to more than 10 years, achieving significant economic benefits throughout the whole life cycle.
4.4 Significant Increase in the Ecological Vitality of the Super Charging Industry
As an emerging technology, super charging piles required a high initial investment in the early stage of development, resulting in a small profit margin for enterprises. By providing a 30% fixed asset investment subsidy from the municipal government to the construction units of super charging stations, Beijing has supported the construction of 306 super charging stations in total, effectively reducing the initial investment pressure, shortening the project investment payback period and boosting the market investment enthusiasm. By optimizing the business environment of the super charging industry, nearly a thousand newly built super charging stations have been developed, about two-thirds of which were fully financed and constructed through market-based investment. In addition to basic revenue from charging service fees, super charging stations are also exploring multiple revenue channels, including value-added services, advertising placement, and data services. In addition, by adopting the “venue cooperation + power coordination” model, super charging stations have established strategic cooperation with venue operators such as shopping malls and parking lots, and consolidated business partnerships through profit sharing and other methods to ensure the long-term stability of parking resources. According to the statistics from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management, there are currently more than 300 charging station construction and operation enterprises across the city. The market features a rich and diverse range of participants, including new energy vehicle manufacturers, specialized charging pile production and service providers, as well as traditional and emerging energy companies across multiple sectors.
4.5 Continuous Improvement of Municipal-level Platform Interfaces
By the end of 2025, Beijing had completed the construction of an integrated service platform for “vehicles, piles (stations) and power grids”. Up to now, all 108,300 public charging piles (including super charging piles) in the city have been connected to the municipal-level platform, realizing “unified management on one screen and one-click scheduling”. The municipal-level platform has completed the development of access protocols for private charging piles, as well as interface testing and joint debugging. Private charging piles of multiple automobile brands have been connected to the service platform, while efforts are being actively advanced to integrate dedicated charging piles – such as those at bus depots – into the platform. For all connected charging piles, with the consent of vehicle owners, their charging time and power output can be adjusted in real time through orderly charging, which reduces the peak load of the power grid, improves the utilization rate of distribution and transformation equipment, alleviates the operation pressure of the distribution network, and maximizes the number of charging piles connected in the transformer districts.
4.6 Innovating and Establishing Pilot and Demonstration Projects for Technology Integration
In the construction of super charging stations, Beijing encourages the integrated innovation of multiple technologies. By extensively applying advanced technologies such as photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and high-power liquid cooling, a number of efficient and low-carbon super charging stations featuring the “integration of photovoltaic, energy storage and charging”, and the “integration of charging and battery swapping” have been built. The CNPC BeiTou Winter Olympic Village Super Charging Hub is a green and low-carbon integrated energy demonstration station integrating seven functions: photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, charging, discharging, battery swapping, battery testing and non-oil services. The Super Charging Station at the Energy Center of Beijing Capital International Airport has 54 super charging piles, accounting for one-third of the total number of charging piles, which has drastically improved charging efficiency, with more than 3,200 vehicles charged on average every day. The Hancunhe Near-Zero Carbon Service Area has built a 1.15 MW photovoltaic power generation system with an annual power generation of about 1.5 million kWh, exceeding the total annual electricity consumption for new energy vehicle charging in the area. In addition, Beijing has actively promoted the pilot application of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, and built V2G charging piles at super charging stations such as the Super Charging Station in Future Wisdom Valley of Beijing Wenyu River Park and the Zhidian Shidai Zhongbohai Super Charging Station.
Figure 1 V2G Technology Application Diagram
Case 1: CNPC Beitou Winter Olympic Village Super Charging Hub. Equipped with 111 charging parking spaces, it is a green and low-carbon integrated energy demonstration station integrating seven functions of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, charging, discharging, battery swapping, battery testing and non-oil services. It can provide convenient and efficient charging services for hundreds of electric vehicles at the same time. The station innovatively integrates technologies such as photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, high-power liquid-cooled super charging, wireless charging and automatic charging. Car owners can access vehicle-grid interaction, orderly charging and scheduled charging through an intelligent platform system.
Figure 2 CNPC Beitou Winter Olympic Village Super Charging Hub
Case 2: Super Charging Station at the Energy Center of Beijing Capital International Airport. It has 160 charging parking spaces, 54 super charging piles and 800 kW photovoltaic power generation equipment with an annual power generation of more than 1 million kWh. As an integrated energy replenishment center integrating charging, battery swapping, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage, it can serve various vehicle types such as airport buses, logistics vehicles, engineering vehicles and passenger cars at the same time, providing services for more than 3,200 new energy vehicles on average every day.
Figure 3 Super Charging Station at the Energy Center of Beijing Capital International Airport
Case 3: Hancunhe Near-Zero Carbon Service Area Project. A 1.15 MW full-scenario photovoltaic matrix has been built with an annual power generation of about 1.5 million kWh; 1,505 kWh of energy storage equipment has been configured, and two 600 kW liquid-cooled super charging stations with a total of 32 charging parking spaces have been constructed (with an annual charging volume of about 1.05 million kWh based on a 10% utilization rate). Through an integrated “source–grid–load–storage” full-chain technical system and a smart energy and carbon management platform, the service area achieves “zero” direct carbon emissions and “near-zero” indirect carbon emissions, making it the first near-zero-carbon smart service area in Beijing powered by self-sufficient clean energy.
Figure 4 Hancunhe Near-Zero Carbon Service Area Project
Case 4: Jiangzhuanghu Smart Green Super Charging Hub. It has a total of 57 charging parking spaces and 25 DC super charging piles with a maximum output power of 600 kW. A 1,042-square-meter photovoltaic system has been built on the carport with an annual power generation of about 260,000 kWh, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 230 tons every year. Since commencing operation at the end of 2024, the Jiangzhuanghu Smart Green Super Charging Hub has cumulatively served 120,600 electric vehicle charging sessions, with a total charging volume of 2.713 million kWh. It has become a showcase for Beijing’s integrated development of green transportation and smart energy. This project is a “green energy hub” integrating multiple elements such as photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, charging, discharging, intelligence and services, providing a perceptible, experiential and replicable integrated solution for the model of “new energy vehicles charged with green electricity”.
Figure 5 Jiangzhuanghu Smart Green Super Charging Hub
4.7 Effectively Promoting the Improvement of Environmental and Social Benefits
By the end of November 2025, the ownership of new energy vehicles in Beijing had reached 1.28 million units (data from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport). Preliminary estimates indicate that this initiative reduced refined fuel consumption by over 1 million tons annually and cut carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 1.4 million tons. The green power trading market is developing rapidly. According to statistics from power grid enterprises, from January to November 2025, the green power purchased by new energy vehicle charging station operators across the city through market-oriented transactions reached 450 million kWh, steadily advancing the power consumption model of “new energy vehicles charged with green electricity”. Meanwhile, the construction of the super charging network has effectively driven the development of related industries such as charging equipment manufacturing, operation services and data platforms. The output of new energy vehicles across the city increased by 150% in 2025.
4.8 More Open and Transparent Public Communication Channels
To enhance the effectiveness of communication, the competent departments of the Beijing Municipal Government have actively innovated their outreach approaches. In collaboration with Beijing Radio & Television Station, they launched a dedicated policy interpretation program titled Directors Explain Policies. The program goes deep into the frontline of charging pile enterprises and directly communicates to the public the supporting policies and construction plans for super charging stations. It also addresses, on-site, key concerns from enterprises and new energy vehicle users regarding operations and services, achieving notable results in public outreach and engagement. On this basis, Beijing has strived to build a “three-dimensional, targeted and interactive” communication and guidance system, and implemented precise communication for different stakeholders. For government departments, the emphasis is on in-depth interpretation of strategic plans and supporting policies through formats such as thematic reports and policy briefings; for construction entities and operating enterprises, the city promotes advanced technologies, standards, and business models through site visits, technical seminars, and case-sharing sessions; for the general public and end users, a combination of television feature programs, short videos on social media, online open courses, and community-based outreach activities is used to widely promote the convenience, cost-effectiveness, and safety of the super charging network. At the same time, by establishing regular information release platforms and public feedback channels, Beijing promptly responds to social concerns, effectively builds consensus among stakeholders, and creates a favorable social atmosphere and market environment for the construction of the super charging network.
4.9 Remarkable Effects in International Promotion
At the 29th and 30th Sessions of the Conference of the Parties (COP29 and COP30) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Beijing made a key promotion of super charging-related technologies and the construction of the super charging network system, which received high attention from the international community. At the China International Fair for Trade in Services, a super liquid-cooled charging pile was exhibited in the Beijing Green Development Innovation Practice Exhibition Area. With its ultimate experience of “charging 90% in 10 minutes”, it became the focus of international attention, attracting Chinese and foreign guests including heads of international organizations, envoys from many countries, executives of Fortune 500 enterprises and foreign professional audiences to engage in on-site exchanges, and more than 20 Chinese and English-language media outlets reported on it. In the “Young Envoys’ Green Tour in Beijing” activity, nearly 300 young people, officials and technical personnel from more than 30 countries were organized to conduct on-site visits to have an in-depth understanding of the technical principles and construction and operation modes of super charging piles. The super charging technology of Chinese enterprises is accelerating its global expansion, having won international design awards such as the Red Dot Design Award and the iF Design Award. Liquid-cooled super charging stations have been built in Germany, Turkey, Australia, Italy and other countries, providing efficient and convenient charging services for new energy vehicle owners around the world.
In addition, the super charging technology of Chinese enterprises is accelerating its global expansion, having won international design awards such as the Red Dot Design Award and the iF Design Award. Liquid cooling super charging stations have been built in Germany, Turkey, Australia, Italy, Thailand and other countries, providing efficient and convenient charging services for new energy vehicle owners around the world. Huawei Digital Power has promoted its successful experience in deploying liquid cooling super charging technology in Beijing and other domestic cities overseas. In partnership with Hong Kong Cornerstone Technologies, it has put fully liquid cooling super charging stations into operation in Bangkok, Pattaya and Chiang Mai. TELD signed a cooperation agreement with Malaysia’s EVPower, under which TELD will replicate its experience in charging network operation and technologies accumulated in Beijing and other domestic cities to advance the construction of 480 kW super charging stations along highways. BYD has partnered with Shell to build charging hubs in eight cities including São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Autel Intelligent Technology has deployed megawatt-level charging systems in Iceland, launching the country’s first public megawatt-level fast charging demonstration station. It has also delivered PV-Storage-Charging integrated facilities and fast charging stations for heavy-duty trucks in the Netherlands and Sweden.
Figure 6 TELD Signs Strategic Cooperation Agreement with Malaysia’s EVPower
Figure 7 Turkey’s First Liquid Cooling Super Charging Station
Case 5: Turkey’s First Liquid Cooling Super Charging Station. This station was jointly built by Turkish energy firm Enerji SA, Zebra and Huawei Digital Power. It is equipped with one Huawei 600 kW liquid cooling super charging host and two Zebra 500 kW ultra-fast integrated dual-gun terminals, which can meet the fast charging needs of four vehicles at the same time, helping new energy vehicle owners obtain an ultra-fast charging experience. A photovoltaic system and optimizers are also deployed on the top of the station, and space is reserved for adding an energy storage system, which will realize the optimal integration of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and charging.
Figure 8 Liquid Cooling Charging Station in Bangkok, Thailand
Case 6: Super Charging Station in Bangkok, Thailand. This station adopts Huawei’s full liquid cooling super charging technology, which is compatible with the charging needs of diverse electric vehicles currently available in the market. The excellent heat dissipation performance of the equipment ensures stable and safe charging services amid Thailand’s high-temperature and high-humidity environment, delivering reliable operation and extending the service life of the equipment. Combined with an intelligent operation and maintenance management system, the station supports real-time equipment status monitoring, remote diagnosis and second-level self-healing capabilities. It greatly improves the operational efficiency and service quality of the charging station, delivers a smooth charging experience for vehicle owners, and also boosts the return on investment of the project.
5. Equity and Just Transition
In terms of women’s empowerment, gender equality has been effectively promoted through skill training. The proportion of men and women in the operation teams of super charging stations is balanced, with team members holding various positions such as technological research and development, operation management and user services. Special training has been carried out for female charging operation and maintenance engineers to enhance their professional competitiveness in the new energy field. Super charging has greatly saved the charging time of female car owners, enabling them to devote more energy to career development.
In terms of equity, the advanced liquid-cooled charging gun adopted by super charging stations is a key enabling technology. Its weight is significantly lighter than that of traditional air-cooled charging guns (usually reduced by more than 40%), with softer cables and easier plugging and unplugging, which fundamentally reduces the physical requirements for operators. This technical feature has significantly expanded the labor pool for the operation and maintenance of charging facilities, enabling women to more easily be competent for on-site operation and management positions. It has effectively broken the traditional reliance on “labor-intensive” work and potential gender and age biases in this field, embedding equity and diversity into the industry from the technical source.
In terms of inclusiveness, super charging stations have been deployed simultaneously in old residential communities and remote suburbs to ensure that residents in different areas can have equal access to charging services. It promotes the co-construction and sharing of charging piles and convenient service facilities to improve the comprehensive service level of communities.
In terms of fairness, in the process of market research and policy formulation, the voices of various parties including market players, experts and the public are fully considered, and methods such as big data analysis are adopted to ensure the scientificity and fairness of research and decision-making. In the process of policy implementation, the relevant policies and measures of Beijing to support the construction of super charging stations treat state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises equally, and all domestic and foreign brand enterprises enjoy policy support on an equal footing. In the process of promoting energy transformation, fossil energy suppliers (such as CNPC and Sinopec) and traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers have all taken the replacement of gasoline with electricity as an important measure for enterprises to expand the new energy vehicle-related market. This energy substitution will not affect the economic interests of traditional industries. Meanwhile, training is organized for groups such as gas station employees and fuel vehicle maintenance technicians to support their smooth transfer to the operation of super charging stations.
6. Conclusions and Prospects
The rapid construction and efficient operation of the super charging network system for new energy vehicles in Beijing stand as a successful example of the urban governance mode featuring “government guidance, market leadership, technological empowerment and ecological co-construction”. It not only addresses the “last mile” challenge in the popularization of new energy vehicles, but also promotes the coordinated development of transportation, energy and digital cities through the integration of smart energy, enhances urban resilience, and strongly supports the green and low-carbon transformation of energy. By 2025, a number of super charging station construction projects have been launched in China and overseas, which fully proves that the construction of Beijing’s super charging network has provided a replicable and referential model.
Looking to the future, Beijing will continue to promote the precise layout of super charging facilities, make full use of the driving data and charging data of new energy vehicles, and focus on the coordinated construction of super charging facilities and supporting power facilities in fast energy replenishment scenarios of “charge and go” such as expressway service areas and urban expressway lines. With the continuous densification of the super charging network and the in-depth application of technologies such as V2G, Beijing will continue to lead the transition to green mobility, provide a replicable, scalable and humanistic digital green infrastructure solution for the sustainable development of megacities around the world, and firmly move towards the goal of becoming a “Charging-Friendly City”.
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